Emergency Room Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emergency Room Education - Essay Example Emergencies in hospitals are now highly regarded for treatment of sicknesses and emergency cases. Even families with personal physicians would usually bring their members to emergency treatment. Physicians also refer their patients who are in emergency situations to the nearest emergency facility. (Annas, 1992, p. 50) 2. When should we access emergency room? Emergency room, emergency department or trauma department – these all provide a successful health care. Having access to emergency room or emergency department of a hospital is part of health care that should be provided to any citizen. It’s a fact that everyone on this planet may encounter emergency situations, especially medical emergencies, and to be prepared for any eventuality, having access to an emergency room is part of the health care the state should provide. A state or community that can provide emergency room or emergency health care even to poor citizens has a very good health care and should be commend ed. Everyone should have access to emergency health care and this includes the emergency room or the emergency department of a clinic or hospital. Accessing emergency room should be an important first step to patient care in an emergency. All emergency cases should be provided emergency room or the emergency department of a hospital. Without this access, ED personnel such as nurses and physicians cannot provide emergency treatment. Moreover, important emergency equipments should be provided in the emergency room so that any emergency case can be effectively acted upon. Trauma patients require immediate emergency rooms or emergency departments. Many hospitals have improved their trauma care departments, for example, there is the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) manual. This is a... This paper approves that health care providers should be responsible enough to prevent the spread of disease. The simplest way of preventing the transfer of microorganisms is by washing of hands. This simple way can help eliminate the spread of diseases. Routine washing of hands before doing the daily routine in school and offices and especially in hospitals should be done to protect one’s self and the people around us from the transfer of microorganisms. This essay makes a conclusion that emergency room, emergency department or trauma department – these all provide a successful health care. Having access to emergency room or emergency department of a hospital is part of health care that should be provided to any citizen. It’s a fact that everyone on this planet may encounter emergency situations, especially medical emergencies, and to be prepared for any eventuality, having access to an emergency room is part of the health care the state should provide. A state or community that can provide emergency room or emergency health care even to poor citizens has a very good health care and should be commended. Everyone should have access to emergency health care and this includes the emergency room or the emergency department of a clinic or hospital. Accessing emergency room should be an important first step to patient care in an emergency. Health and safety hazards in hospitals and emergency clinics should be assess to avoid accidents on the patients and health care providers. Health workers also face considerable health and safety risks. Assessing the situation, identifying the possible risks, and applying remedies before accidents happen, could help in reducing injury and applying adequate health care.

The rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of reaction Essay Add 50 cubic centimetres of hydrogen peroxide to a conical flask Add liquidised celery solution to hydrogen peroxide and place bung over conical flask After 30 seconds, see how much oxygen has been produced Celery Concentrations Volume of Celery (cm3) Volume of water (cm3) Concentration of celery (%) 80 20 80 60 40 60 40 60 40 20 80 20 Results Tables First Repeat Time (seconds) Celery Concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3). Volume of oxygen produced (cm3) Second Repeat Time (seconds) Celery Concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3) Volume of oxygen produced (cm3) Third Repeat Time (seconds) Celery Concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3) Volume of oxygen produced (cm3)Â   Averages Time (seconds) Celery concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3) Volume of oxygen produced Analysing evidence and concluding From the graph I have drawn using the above table of averages, I can see that as the concentration of the enzyme catalase increases, the amount of oxygen produced also increases. I can also see from my table of results that as the concentration of the enzyme increases, the volume of oxygen increases. This shows that the rate of reaction increases, which supports my prediction. The reason for this is the Collision Theory, as stated in my prediction. The Collision Theory states that the more particles there are in a solution or area, the higher the rate of reaction will be because there are more particles, therefore there are more collisions, meaning there is an increased chance of successful collisions in which the two particles react. In this experiment, when the particles react, they break down the hydrogen peroxide and create oxygen and water. As the volume of oxygen increased with positive correlation to the amount of the enzyme in the mixture, I can see that the rate of reaction was increased, thus proving my prediction to be correct. Please see also attached graph. Evaluation The experiment was relatively easy, in that the variables were easy to identify, control or measure, which means that the readings from the experiment should be very accurate. The apparatus was set up in such a way that I think the results are very reliable. The tubing and bung all fitted well into their respective receptacles, thus no oxygen could have escaped from there. The only time and place the oxygen could have escaped was the period between adding the liquidised celery to the hydrogen peroxide, and placing the bung into the conical flask containing the mixture. Unfortunately, there was nothing I could do to stop this, except try and replace the bung as quickly as I could. There do not seem to be any anomalous results, except in the third repeat when I was using a concentration of forty percent celery. After ten seconds, I measured no oxygen whatsoever, and I presume this was due to a fault in the tubing; perhaps there were slight gaps that I had overlooked during that repeat. However, as this is the only time there is an anomaly within the results, I must assume that the rest of my results are accurate and reliable, and therefore the equipment was set up correctly and performed well. I think that my results are sufficiently reliable to support my conclusion (see above) because they match my prediction and scientific knowledge of this subject, and the figures I have obtained seem reasonable. I know they are accurate because I was careful to be accurate when taking readings from the gas syringe, and I am sure they are reliable because they do match scientific theory, as taken from text books, etc. , and my prediction, which was made using scientific knowledge from various sources. To improve the reliability of the experiment, I think it would be necessary to find a way of feeding the celery into the conical flask, perhaps via another tube system, where it would be possible to add the celery to the hydrogen peroxide without losing any of the oxygen produced.

The Topic Of Sustainable Tourism

The Topic Of Sustainable Tourism This mini report aims at providing valuable information on the chosen research topic of sustainable tourism. The report aims at looking deep in to the topic by drafting the core literature of the topic followed by methodology and some finding and conclusion. This report reassess the growth of the term, commencing with a debate of the confusion arising from the vague and contradictory definitions of the concept, and the need to differentiate between sustainable tourism and the development of tourism on the main beliefs of sustainable development. The paper then re-examine the green focus of consultation of sustainable tourism and disagree for the need to ensure that the impression incorporates and is functional to the human environment as well as the physical environment. Concentration then moves to effort of haulage capacity, organize of tourism development, and the implication of the term to mass or conservative tourism. Last but not the least, the mini report concludes with a discussion of the prospect way of sustainable tourism and the probability of expansion moving in this direction. Tourism in the current millennium, correctly managed, has the latent to partake in, revolutionize and recuperate the societal, political, cultural, as well as the ecological magnitude of peoples potential lifestyle. In this new era, one of the maximum purposes of this policies and philosophies of tourism will be to cross-examine the cultural, economical, political as well as environmental reimbursement of tourism for the people, destinations and countries in order to prolong a healthy lifestyle (Edgell, 2006) Moreover, sustainable tourism can certainly become a major vehicle for realization of mankinds uppermost ambition in the mission to attain affluence while maintaining social, ecological and environmental veracity (Edgell, 2006). As such there is no particular definition of sustainable tourism. Complementing this, (Swarbrooke, 1999) mentions that sustainable tourism can be defined as the type of tourism which is ecologically practical but does not destroy the resources on which future tourism depends remarkably on the bodily environment as well as the social structure of the multitude community. Aims and Objective To review the topic of sustainable tourism Measuring the growth of sustainable tourism and answering the research question of is sustainable tourism consistent. Literature Review The tourism Industry The tourism industry today has reached a considerable level in terms of profits, number of tourists at varied destinations etc. In addition, the tourism sector has grown tremendously in the last decade providing visitors with a ur plus of destinations to visit. There have also been different types of tourism that have been developing namely, sports tourism, animal tourism, destination tourism, etc. Moreover, the type of tourism in the current lime light has been sustainable tourism as this is now playing a vital role in environmental issues (Edgell, 2006). Furthermore, details about sustainable tourism have been mentioned in the report further. Sustainable Tourism itself One of the main problems with the idea of sustainable growth is the method in which the solitary word sustainable has been useful to a diversity of performance pedestal on the supposition that it takes with it the ideological and theoretical inference of the thought (Harrison 1996). In the case of tourism, the effect has been the exterior and prevalent espousal of the term sustainable tourism, repeatedly devoid of any shot to define it (Hunter and Green 1995). In the situation of tourism, an apposite classification of sustainable tourism is tourism in a form which can continue its practicality in a vicinity for an indistinct period of time states (Butler 1993). Tourism at places such as Niagara Falls, London, Paris or Rome, is extremely sustainable. It has been winning in that place for years and depicts no cipher of declining. With such a definition, the importance is on the preservation of tourism, but in most issues, tourism is rival for capital and may not be the top or wisest use of possessions in these locations in the future.. The above mentioned definition, though, is not what is usually unspoken by the term sustainable tourism. Somewhat, relying on the present literature, what is in general meant by that term is as follows: tourism which is developed and maintained in an area in such a mode and at such a extent that it leftovers practical over an unlimited epoch and does not mortify or adjust the environment in which it survives to such a level that it proscribes the triumphant expansion and well being of performance and processes. (Butler 1993) The dissimilarity between these definitions is not just a theme of semantics. The meaning of sustainable tourism above mentions very modest about something except the future of tourism. Wall (1996) has noted, a single sectoral approach, a little that is at odds with the thought of sustainable growth, which by its extremely environment is holistic and multispectral. Thus sustainable tourism is not unconsciously identical as tourism urbanized in line with the philosophy of sustainable advance. As long as it is this way, then haziness and uncertainty will go on. Therefore the need to label the type of tourism being intentional or developed beyond the catch-all of sustainable is therefore critical, if information about the sustainability of tourism is to be long-drawn-out. Major issues in Sustainable Tourism The key term in this concept is the one of restrictions. However much proponents of growth may disregard the detail, implied in the impression of sustainable progress is the thought of confines. In the case of tourism, this is usually articulated in terms of numbers of tourists; though implied in this is the linked infrastructure development and scenery modifications. While accepted wisdom on carrying capability has been tailored really since the 1960s, researchers were looking for the magic number of guests who could be put up at a specific spot, the distress of volume still remains (Butler 1996). though it is by and large traditional that numbers unaided are not an fully pleasing measure of the belongings of tourism, there is hesitation that, in approximately all tourism contexts, there is a utmost figure of tourists who can be productively house. The detail remains, but, that in approximately every imaginable context, there will be an higher limit in provisos of the information of tourists and the quantity of advance associated with sightseeing that the target can withstand mentions (Shipp 1993). Once these echelons are surpassed, by and large in undesirable form. The environment of tourism itself modifys, the natural world of the purpose changes, the attractively and therefore the feasibility of the purpose declines, and tourism becomes no longer sustainable in its original form. If overeat and overdevelopment continue unabated, then any form of tourism may become indefensible in that location (Butler 1991; Cooper 1996; Zanetto Soriani 1996). An input part of scenery aim for sustainable tourism is the establishment of the tourism carrying faculty of a destination area (1996). In fact little, development suggestions classify or advise such restrictions. If sustainable increase ethics are incorporated in expansion plans in everything more than name barely, they are as a rule understood in indistinguishable terms which are long on sentiment and short on details. This is describes, in part, by the detail that researchers and policy makers in tourism have never grabbed the agitate of haulage capacity or confines and have never fashioned measures that could be used in such contexts (Butler 1996). The burning necessitate to take such steps at the local altitude as well as at new superior levels of government has been harassed more strongly just (Coccossis C Parpairis 1996; Johnson and Thomas 1996). Methodology The research methodology enables the researcher to collect the significant and relevant data for a particular research. In order to understand the recent developments in sustainable tourism, a secondary research has been conducted. Data in this research has been analyzed using graphs and charts. Some of the data is also presented in the discussion format to get the deeper knowledge. Moreover, secondary data included google books, academic articles as well as research journals in order to find accurate and precise data. Industry professional interviews were also considered. Findings and Conclusion In trying to identify where the state of the art of current research on tourism in the context of sustainable development stands is rather difficult. There is now a sizeable body of literature on this subject, which is growing rapidly. The topic has even resulted in the appearance of a journal {Journal of Sustainable Tourism) devoted to this field. A great deal more research by geographers and others has been conducted and is just reaching the publication stage (Pigram c Wahab 1997; Hall C Lew 1998; C. Becker, University of Trier, personal communication). Thus one cannot conclude simply that there is little written and that much remains to be done, nor can one argue that the key questions have been resolved. Although a great deal has been written, particularly in the last 5 years, I feel that much research does still remain to be undertaken. The key problem, in my mind, is the current inability to define to the satisfaction of all, or even most, of the stakeholders in tourism, exactl y what is meant by sustainable tourism. As noted above, this remains a major problem and, because ambiguity exists, almost any form of tourism can, and often is, termed sustainable. Related to this fundamental issue is the question of how sustainability might be monitored and measured if and when a satisfactory definition of sustainable tourism is established and accepted. It is clear that current research in all disciplines involved with tourism has not really tackled the problem of monitoring the effects of tourism in any context. Despite the real need to benchmark and monitor, first called for many years ago (Mathieson 8>C Wall 1982), such efforts have, by and large, been at best sporadic and non-systematic. Given the hype that exists in industry and political circles to persuade people that much is being done to achieve sustainable tourism, there is implicit, if not overt, opposition to research that might show that very little new or existing tourism development is sustainable, or at best that a decision on its sustainability cannot be made for many years to come. Also, many proponents of the idea of sustainable tourism seem unwilling to accept that, because an operation calls itself sustainable, it may not be so in reality. To assess the real impacts of tourism and the level of sustainability achieved requires in-depth longitudinal research and environmental, economic and social auditing. This requires stable funding and a willing- ness on the part of researchers to commit to a research programme for a considerable period of time. There is very little evidence that this sort of commitment currently exists and good long-term research on sustainable development in tourism or any other field is extremely scarce (Wall 1996). One can argue, therefore, that the greatest research need is to develop measures of sustainability and to apply these to existing and new forms of tourism development to help determine what affects sustainability and how it can be achieved; in other words, to operationalize the concept and evaluate it in operation. This is far more complex than it sounds because, as discussed above, a multi-sectoral approach is essential, and this requires much more than simply estimating the direct effects of tourism on the physical and human environments of destination areas. Even when the elements and processes of sustainability are identified and understood, there is still no guarantee that it will be practised in destination areas. It will be necessary, if sustainability is to be achieved, to ensure that all stakeholders are willing participants in the process. If the industry, at all scales, cannot be persuaded that it is in its own direct interest to commit to some principles of sustainability, then efforts ofother stakeholders will have little effect. If the public sector is not willing to educate and, if necessary, enforce sustainable policies and actions, then few are unlikely to follow them. Simply listing appropriate actions and strategies and calling for their adoption (Table 2), as some governments have done (Tourism Canada 1990), is but a first step specific action and enforcement are necessary as well. If local residents cannot see the short-term as well as long-term benefits to themselves of sustainable policies, they will subvert or ignor e them. Finally, if the tourists themselves do not enjoy or anticipate satisfaction from sustainable forms of tourism, they will not participate and not visit destinations geared to offer this type of tourism. One of the other tasks facing researchers, if they wish to ensure the application as well as the understanding of sustainable development of tourism, is to find ways to ensure the necessary policies and actions are acceptable to all stakeholders in tourism. Simply saying that all is well and that sustainable tourism is the way of the future because there is a growing interest in the concept will not ensure its adoption or success. At present, there is a disturbing tendency, in the desire to promote sustainable tourism, to claim that any small-scale, environmentally or culturally focused form of tourism is sustainable, particularly where it is developed by or for local residents. In the absence of accurate and reliable indicators and monitoring, one cannot comment on the sustai nability of any enterprise until many years after its establishment, and only then, after comparing its operation and effects, to the state of the environment at the time of its establishment. Given that the term sustainable development did not enter the lexicon until 1987, it is still too soon to say if anything created since then is truly sustainable or not.

Raw Foods Diet :: essays research papers

What’s up with the Raw Deal? The Atkins diet? South-Beach Diet? Jenny Craig? Weight Watchers? But a Raw-food only diet? What the†¦?! Consuming only raw foods? Not cooking anything? Isn’t that unhealthy? Not according to advocates of this diet. The raw foods diet is among some of the latest fad and celebrity-hyped diets out there today, you can even find some restaurants that only serve raw foods. The name of the raw food diet says it all: You only consume raw, unprocessed foods. Diet devotees claim the diet improves nutrition and health, offers spiritual enlightenment and improves digestion among other things. But can a diet consisting only of raw foods truly live up to its promises and can it be healthy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Followers consume a diet regimen made up of fresh, raw fruits and vegetables, sprouted seeds, nuts, legumes, dried fruits, milk from coconut, fresh fruit and vegetable juices and other organic or natural foods which have not been processed. Sounds healthy. It stems from the thinking that raw and living foods contain the essential enzymes needed for proper digestion, as well as containing higher nutrient values. Raw food dieters believe the enzymes in raw foods are the life force and that every food has its own essential enzymes. These enzymes help the body digest the foods completely, without relying on the body’s own enzymes. This means that cooked foods, foods cooked higher than 116  °F, are â€Å" dead† because all of these enzymes and nutrients are destroyed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But is their scientific data to back this up? No, not really. It has been widely known and accepted that cooking our food is healthier and safer. Cooking foods kills any harmful bacteria, it lets us eat a wide variety of foods especially those who cannot tolerate raw uncooked vegetables, which can leave individuals with nutrient deficiencies. And well, yes cooking does kill the foods enzymes, our body has its own enzymes for proper digestion and health and doesn’t need other enzymes.

Current Ethical Issues Essay

The Baderman Island Resort first opened in 2004 and is managed by the Boardman Management Group. Baderman Island features three different hotels and caters to both business and pleasure. The food is amazing and the 24 hour room service is even better. Along with housing and dinning Baderman Island offers plenty of activities to keep families busy having fun or to help the stressed businessman relax. On the Baderman Island Resort you will get to choose from three different hotels that are need specific. The first would be the Baderman Main Hotel. Here you can find good food and great lodging for you and your family. The Tenney hotel caters to more grown up tastes and is suited for romantic get-a-ways for you and your special someone. The last hotel is the Melancon Convention Center and Hotel which is more business orientated with a conference room that can hold up to 300 people. You can find packaging rates and catering options on the website. Each of the hotels feature large luxuriou s rooms and beds along with internet hookups, a wall safe, 24 hour room service, a mini-bar, and on- site managers available to help you with any of your needs. Along with great lodging Baderman Island Resort has five restaurants for you to choose from. If you are in the mood for something light you can check out the Baderman Island Cafà © or the Beverly Cafà ©. For something more filling check out the Morgan Bistro, the Kayfe, and the Tenney @ Night. All of the dinning at Baderman Island is freshly prepared and reasonably priced. Baderman Island is managed by the Boardman Management Group which has been in operation since 1994. The mission of the Boardman Management Group is â€Å"Founded in 1994, Boardman Management Group is dedicated to managing leisure and convention focused resorts that provide a unique and quality experience to guests and visitors. The Board of Directors and operational leaders in the organization, empowers its staff to offer unsurpassed quality of customer service, through individual acts of random kindness and specialty  services.† (â€Å"Boardman Management Group†, 2012). The responsibilities of the Boardman Management Group within the Baderman Island Resort are regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services, and the entire human resources department. The organizational flow of Baderman Island is rather simple and easy to follow. You have your board of directors, chairperson of the board, your CEO, and your director of human resources management. Under the CEO is the Boardman Management Group and the vice president of guest services. The Boardman Management Group is responsible for regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services. The vice president of guest services is responsible for the GM hotel, GM convention, GM food services, GM merchandise, and GM recreational. Under the GM support services there is security, logistics, engineering, emergency services, and guest relations. The employee services of the Baderman Island Resort feature an employee log in section of the website where employees can view memos and policy updates regarding the resort. Employees also have access to an employee only blog where they can post comments and suggest ideas; any HR issues should not be posted on the blog. Employees also have access to the different organization management charts for each division of the hotel. By having access to these charts employees can look up who their boss is and also follow up the management chain. One of the biggest moral and ethical issues facing the Baderman Island Resort is their destruction of the local forests and wildlife. Baderman Island Resort spans out over 1800 acres with 750 acres being fully developed. Baderman Island also has plans to develop the remaining acres by building a casino and expanding their botanical garden. If Baderman Island Resort wasn’t an island the destruction of habitats wouldn’t be such an ethical issue. Baderman is pushing wildlife out of the way to make room for the resort and eventually the wildlife will have nowhere to go. Another moral and ethical issue surrounding Baderman Island Resort is that of these customer service and well-being. There is the constant worry of  guests wandering off the trails and getting lost and hurt. Also there doesn’t seem to be any emergency health care located on the island. What is the plan if a guest is critically injured and needs medical help? Along with health and safety Baderman needs to work on their customer service for their international customers. Baderman has made mention that they are in the process of hiring more employees that can speak different languages in order to lessen the language barrier. Does this mean that Baderman will be laying off employees that don’t speak multiple languages to keep payroll from going over budget? Baderman Island Resort is a true paradise and a wonderful place to go to relax. There are a few issues that need to be addressed if Baderman is to be 100% successful in their industry. References * Baderman Island. (2012). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/BadermanIsland/internet/index.asp * Boardman Management Group. (2012). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/BoardmanManagementGroup/internet/index.asp * Trevino, L., & Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

The Battle of Chancellorsville in the Civil War

The Battle of Chancellorsville in the Civil War Conflict Dates: The Battle of Chancellorsville was fought May 1-6, 1863, and was part of the American Civil War. Armies Commanders: Union Major General Joseph Hooker133,868 men Confederate General Robert E. Lee60,892 men Background: In the wake of the Union disaster at the Battle of Fredericksburg and subsequent Mud March, Major General Ambrose Burnside was relieved and Major General Joseph Hooker given command of the Army of the Potomac on January 26, 1863. Known as an aggressive fighter in battle and a severe critic of Burnside, Hooker had compiled a successful resume as a division and corps commander. With the army encamped on the east bank of the Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Hooker took the spring to reorganize and rehabilitate his men after the trials of 1862. Included in this shakeup of the army was the creation of an independent cavalry corps under Major General George Stoneman. To the west of the town, General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia remained in place along the heights they had defended the previous December. Short on supplies and needing to protect Richmond against a Union thrust up the Peninsula, Lee detached over half of Lieutenant General James Longstreets First Corps south to aid in gathering provisions. Operating in southern Virginia and North Carolina, the divisions of Major Generals John Bell Hood and George Pickett began funneling food and stores north to Fredericksburg. Already outnumbered by Hooker, the loss of Longstreets men gave Hooker over a 2-to-1 advantage in manpower. The Union Plan: Aware of his superiority and utilizing information from his newly-formed Bureau of Military Intelligence, Hooker devised one of the strongest Union plans to date for his spring campaign. Leaving Major General John Sedgwick with 30,000 men at Fredericksburg, Hooker intended to secretly march northwest with the rest of the army, then cross the Rappahannock in Lees rear. Attacking east as Sedgwick advanced west, Hooker sought to catch the Confederates in a large double envelopment. The plan was to be supported by a large-scale cavalry raid conducted by Stoneman which was to cut the railroads south to Richmond and sever Lees supply lines as well as prevent reinforcements from reaching the battle.   Moving out on April 26-27, the first three corps successfully crossed the river under the guidance of Major General Henry Slocum. Pleased that Lee was not opposing the crossings, Hooker ordered the remainder of his forces to move out and by May 1 had concentrated around 70,000 men around Cha ncellorsville (Map). Lee Responds: Located at the crossroads of the Orange Turnpike and Orange Plank Road, Chancellorsville was little more than a large brick house owned by the Chancellor family which was located in a thick pine thicket forest known as the Wilderness. As Hooker moved into position, Sedgwicks men crossed the river, advanced through Fredericksburg, and took up a position opposite the Confederate defense on Maryes Heights. Alerted to the Union movement, Lee was forced to divide his smaller army and left Major General Jubal Earlys division and Brigadier General William Barksdales brigade at Fredericksburg while he marched west on May 1 with around 40,000 men. It was his hope that by aggressive action, he would be able to attack and defeat part of Hookers army before its larger numbers could be concentrated against him. He also believed that Sedgwicks force at Fredericksburg would only demonstrate against Early and Barksdale rather than pose a legitimate threat. That same day, Hooker began pressing east with the goal of getting clear of the Wilderness so that his advantage in artillery could come into play. Fighting soon erupted between Major General George Sykes division of Major General George G. Meades V Corps and the Confederate division of Major General Lafayette McLaws. The Confederates got the better of the fight and Sykes withdrew. Though he retained the advantage, Hooker halted his advance and consolidated his position in the Wilderness with the intention of fighting a defensive battle. This change in approach greatly irritated several of his subordinates who sought to move their men out of the Wilderness and take some of the high ground in the area (Map). That night, Lee and Second Corps commander Lieutenant General Thomas Stonewall Jackson met to develop a plan for May 2. While they talked, Confederate cavalry commander  Major General J.E.B. Stuart arrived and reported that while the Union left was firmly anchored on the Rappahannock and their center heavily fortified, Hookers right was in the air. This end of the Union line was held by Major General Oliver O. Howards XI Corps which had camped along the Orange Turnpike. Feeling that desperate action was needed, they devised a plan which called for Jackson to take the 28,000 men of his corps on a wide flanking march to attack the Union right. Lee himself would personally command the remaining 12,000 men in an attempt to hold Hooker until Jackson could strike. In addition, the plan required the troops at Fredericksburg to contain Sedgwick. Successfully disengaging, Jacksons men were able to make the 12-mile march undetected (Map). Jackson Strikes: In position by 5:30 PM on May 2, they faced the flank of the Union XI Corps. Comprised of largely inexperienced German immigrants, the XI Corpss flank was not fixed on a natural obstacle and was essentially defended by two cannon. Charging from the woods, Jacksons men caught them completely by surprise and quickly captured 4,000 prisoners while routing the remainder. Advancing two miles, they were within sight of Chancellorsville when their advance was halted by Major General Daniel Sickles III Corps. As the fighting raged, Hooker received a minor wound, but refused to cede command (Map). At Fredericksburg, Sedgwick received orders to advance late in the day, but held off as he believed he was outnumbered. As the front stabilized, Jackson rode forward in the darkness to scout the line. While returning, his party was fired on by a group of North Carolina troops. Struck twice in the left arm and once in the right hand, Jackson was carried from the field. As Jacksons replacement, Major General A.P. Hill was incapacitated the next morning, command devolved to Stuart (Map). On May 3, the Confederates launched major attacks all along the front, forcing Hookers men to abandon Chancellorsville and form a tight defensive line in front of United States Ford. Under heavy pressure, Hooker was finally able to get Sedgwick to advance. Moving forward, he was able to reach Salem Church before being halted by Confederate troops. Late in the day, Lee, believing that Hooker was beaten, shifted troops east to deal with Sedgwick. Having foolishly neglected to leave troops to hold Fredericksburg, Sedgwick was soon cut off and forced into a defensive position near Banks Ford (Map). Fighting a superb defensive action, he repelled Confederate attacks through the day on May 4 before withdrawing across the ford early on May 5 (Map). This retreat was the result of a miscommunication between Hooker and Sedgwick, as the former had wished the ford held so that main army could cross and renew the battle. Not seeing a way to save the campaign, Hooker began retreating across United States Ford that night ending the battle (Map). Aftermath: Known as Lees perfect battle as he repeatedly broke the tenet of never dividing ones forces in the face of a superior enemy with stunning success, Chancellorsville cost his army 1,665 killed, 9,081 wounded, and 2,018 missing. Hookers army suffered 1,606 killed, 9,672 wounded, and 5,919 missing/captured. While it is generally believed that Hooker lost his nerve during the battle, the defeat did cost him his command as he was replaced by Meade on June 28. While a great victory, Chancellorsville lost the Confederacy Stonewall Jackson who died on May 10, badly damaging the command structure of Lees army. Seeking to exploit the success, Lee began his second invasion of the North which culminated in the Battle of Gettysburg. Selected Sources Fredericksburg Spotsylvania National Military Park: Battle of ChancellorsvilleCWSAC Battle Summary: Battle of ChancellorsvilleBattle of Chancellorsville Maps

Incident in the life of slave girl essays

Incident in the life of slave girl essays The Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl In the American Literature, Harriet Jacobs published Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl based on the events in her own life. In the book of Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl, the author tells us an excellent story of her twenty years spent in slavery with her masters. The main purpose of this book is to give people an inside look at some of the violence that took place during slavery. Jacobs hope was to give thousands of White Northern women a realizing sense of the condition of two millions of women at the South, still in bondage, suffering what I have suffered, and most of them far worse. In Jacob youth, she had a good master and mistress and was treated well. As a young girl, she learned to read and write, which was highly rare among slaves. Jacobs mistress was so kind to her that she was always glad to do her bidding, and proud to labor for her as much as her young years would permit. When her mistress died, she was passed on to the daughter as an inheritance and the daughter married an older man who was as evil as most of the other slave holders. She witnessed his cruelty personally. His name is Dr. Flint. The author does not portray herself entirely as a hero but describes the steps she took to avoid becoming the sexual slave of Flint. When she reached puberty, Dr. Flint decided to have her and produce a new "stock" of slaves through her. She avoided his advances. Having been taught Christianity and moral values, Jacob did not want to spoil herself and her body. Finally, to avoid him, she allowed herself to be impregnated by a compassionately neighboring slaveholder who at least treated her decent and have two children with him. Jacob had a son, Ben, and a daughter, Ellen. Her master was really mad and became obsessed with controlling her. He refused to sell her or her children to anyone for ...

Gillette Fusion Essay Essay Example

Gillette Fusion Essay Essay Example Gillette Fusion Essay Essay Gillette Fusion Essay Essay RecommendationIn order to increase entire gross revenues and put Gillette Fusion on path to be a $ 1 billion concern in the following few old ages. Gillette Fusion should establish a new advertisement run and cut down cartridge bundle monetary values by 20 % with the debut of a erstwhile voucher. Explanation The media’s reaction to the â€Å"blockbuster† advertizement run highlights many of the campaign’s defect. The run focused on the merchandise features instead than its benefits. Due to the ad’s merchandise focal point. Gillette failed to pass on why the extra blades and elastomer grip surfacing improved the quality of consumer’s shaving. The proposed advertisement run would turn to these defects and concentrate on the client experience. : In order to educate consumers. Gillette should use a mass media run similar to Pepsi’s â€Å"Pepsi Challenge. † This run will include blindfolded persons proving and comparing the Gillette Fusion with several other razors. and will be hosted by a famous person who portions similar trade name qualities as the Fusion. The famous person will be immature. sleek and advanced. like Ashton Kutcher or Dwayne Wade. TV Ad: The telecasting advertizements will include a short debut by the famous person and cartridge holders of clients who have taken the challenge depicting why the Gillette Fusion is superior to its rivals. It should be featured during male-focused scheduling. like featuring events and grownup comedies. Print Ad: The print advertizement will have a image of the famous person next to the razor and several quotation marks from persons who have taken the challenge. It should be featured in men’s manner magazines ( GQ ) . music magazines ( Rolling Stone ) and athleticss magazines ( ESPN. Sports Illustrated ) . Radio Ad: The wireless advertizement will get down with an debut by the famous person depicting why he prefers the Gillette Fusion and so passage to reappraisals by those who have taken the challenge ( i. e. â€Å"The Gillette Fusion is unbelievable because †¦ If you don’t believe me. hear what people who have taken the challenge have to state for themselves †¦Ã¢â‚¬  ) . It should be featured during grownup talk shows ( Howard Stern Show ) and athleticss programming. In order to promote users to buy the merchandise. Gillette should offer a 20 % price reduction on cartridges with the debut of a one clip voucher. Because 64 % of work forces look at the monetary value of the cartridge before buying the corresponding razor. presenting a 20 % price reduction with a erstwhile voucher will promote those consumers weary of the high cartridge monetary values to buy the razor. Once buying and utilizing the razor. it is likely that the consumer will detect a important difference in the quality of shaving. and be willing to pay a higher monetary value for the superior merchandise. This is supported by the fact that of the 9. 000 work forces who tested the new razor. Fusion was preferred 2 to 1 over the competition. For the few who would normally non be willing to pay the higher monetary value for the cartridges. they will probably go on to buy the cartridges because of the shift costs associated with buying a new razor. The voucher should be displayed at points of purchase and in direct mail outs. The former can be achieved by supplying confederates with show allowance. Alternate Schemes Unlike the proposed scheme. each of the alternate schemes fails to at the same time pass on the effectivity of the merchandise and encourage clients weary of the monetary value to buy the merchandise. Lowering the retail monetary value of the razor – This will non promote clients to buy the merchandise because ( a ) 64 % of consumers look at the cartridge monetary value before buying a razor and ( B ) a razor is a erstwhile cost to consumers. with a less snap of demand than cartridges. Besides. without a new advertisement run. they besides will go on non to understand why the merchandise is superior. and more expensive. than its rivals. Reducing cartridge bundle monetary values by altering cartridge bundle size. Reducing the current four cartridge bundle with three cartridge bundles is merely effectual if consumers fail to register the difference in bundle size because the monetary value per cartridge will really increase. Furthermore. this scheme fails to educate consumers on why the merchandise is superior. and more expensive. than its rivals.

Investigation of Different types of Nanomaterials used in Cancer Research Paper

Investigation of Different types of Nanomaterials used in Cancer therapy - Research Paper Example eat advancements in the field of medicines and medical sciences but still it was difficult to control and suggest a proper treatment for cancer and according to the statistics, there have 13% deaths all over the world caused by cancer (Heath and Davis 02). If we analyse the trend of cancer patients then the result shows that there have been continuous increase in the number of cancer patients over last 70 years as compare to other diseases like heart attack, pneumonia or any other disease and the problem seemed to be out of control. Cancer could be cured by destroying the group of the damaged cells and stop supplying the blood to such cells so they may not grow further. But after several researches and studies chemotherapy and radiotherapy were introduced as a treatment for cancer. But the problem with these treatments is that these treatments not only affects the cancer cells but they also target the normal cells of the patients thus leaving dangerous side effects. It is almost predestined to occur the dangerous side effects of these chemotherapy treatments because it is a whole body treatment and in any way it will cause the harm. The most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents that are used are cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, platin umbased compounds, anthracycline, and hydroxycamptothecin with quite harmful side effects. That was the reason that it was a real need to research and invent a new treatment for cancer as the previous one was not a suitable one. And the recent improvisations in the medical sciences and the invention of nanotechnology are most likely a great blessing for the scientists who have been researching to find a different solution for cancer besides chemotherapy. Nanotechnology is basically related with the study of delivery of drug molecules with a particular target in the affected or diseased areas of the patients. This treatment not only offers the targeted delivery of drugs but with that it protects from dreadful conditions and controls

Comparing of service operation and manufacturing operations in the Essay

Comparing of service operation and manufacturing operations in the market - Essay Example As a result of research it was suggested that service or production operations are essential in any business as it bridges the customers and the manufacturers through provision of technical based for advancing business models. The operations are crucial to organizations due to guarantee of service delivery which is usually IT based. Despite the numerous services’ offered through service operations department, there are vast challenges experienced on how to monitor both simple and complex diverse business aspects that calls for deriving perfect solution in order to compete equally with other departments within organization. To grab an understanding of manufacturing operation it is adept to consider the meaning of manufacturing operation so as to create a perception of the subject; hence creating a baseline for comparison of its advantages to that of service operation. A manufacturer is an entity, enterprise or person that manufactures some product hence manufacture operations c an be described as a factory of company where merchandize and products are made from raw materials. Manufacturing process commences after obtaining raw materials which are then used to develop and process a finished product ready to be distributed or sold to the local citizens. However, manufacturing process is very sensitive as it designs and produce products that as supposed to convince the customers so that they would derive pleasure in the finished products. In order to obtain quality products (Drury, 2007, p. 74), it is the mandate of the manufacturers to work towards quality and taste to convince the consumers of the products availed in the market while service operations are aimed at providing perishable, intangible goods and services to the market for the public to buy (Camp, 2004, p. 24). Manufacturers in most cases do not sell directly to the consumers instead they trade with whole sellers and retailers hence, it is adept to consider manufacturers as the key players in pro duction and manufacturing sector (Hamilton, 2003, p. 17). In most cases service operations are aimed at easing the work of consumers and customers who would be struggling to obtain the services from then sources. However, since not every customer would be able to raise the minimum amount required to acquire products directly from the manufactures, the service operations providers would act as links between the product manufacturers and the consumers hence, it is the work of the manufacturers to derive products that would persuade the consumers (Swammidass, 2000, p. 52). The service operations organizations are challenged to design better processes of delivering services so that customers would recommend further the functions of service operations for instance, in the manufacturing operation, products have to undergo extensive checks to affirm that the availed products are in accordance with the requirements. For instance, the product composition should compose of the

The Maryknoll Missioners Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Maryknoll Missioners - Research Paper Example His mission on earth was full of love and compassion for people. He dedicated his life to protect the weak and stand for the truth. From this, one can articulate that, mission work began with Jesus Christ. Since then, Jesus followers received a mission of spreading love and compassion to all people as a vital aspect of making disciples of all nations. To this point, it stands out that, the work of a missioner entails a lot such as, teaching and preaching the word of God, protecting the weak, leading the captives free, and giving gifts to men among others. In a way, missionary work is referred to as the great commission described in Matthew 28:18-20 of going forth and making men disciples of all nations, baptizing them, and teaching them the word of God. Throughout history, Maryknoll has emphasized missionary and ministry work particularly in Korea, China, Africa, East Asia, and Latin America. Up-to-date, these missioners have played a significant role in the Catholic Church, in allev iating poverty, and enhancing constructive changes to many lives. With this regard, the following paper seeks to discuss the Maryknoll missioners as well as their impact on people’s lives. MARYKNOLL MISSIONARIES A brief history As mentioned earlier, Maryknoll was founded as a Catholic mission society. It was established in 1911 with most men being skilled tradesmen. The group was led by bishops from the United States, and its development fell into two diocesan priests namely Father Thomas Fredrick and James Anthony of Boston. Just like Jesus, the two individuals had the commission, to encourage U.S missioners to set their lives apart for helping the community. Studies outline that, one year after its founding, three men joined who were fully dedicated to the mission work (Gollock, 2010). During this time, the number of brothers increased in that, by 1921, the community comprised of twenty priests, dozen brothers, and almost sixty five seminaries students. Men played a vital r ole at Maryknoll to the extent that they formed a movement of the â€Å"Fields A far Staff â€Å". In 1920, the church recognized Maryknoll sisters who led the community into service as they recognize the needs in the community. In essence, the Maryknoll missionaries have served all over the world, as they become influential in regards to missionary activities. As of 2009, there were over 560 Maryknoll brothers and priests serving all over the world, mainly in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. In the 20th Century, they played a vital role in the Catholic Church of East Asia, and also extended into Latin American countries. Their aspect of mission For years, the Maryknoll Missioners have imposed love and compassion for people, as they work diligently to protect the weak and poor. For instance, they have had extensive connections with Latin American countries whereby, they have worked hard to eradicate poverty and improve lives of many Latin American. Poverty is a core issue affectin g Latin Americans in the sense that, some live below the poverty line. With this in mind, Maryknoll Missioners have worked to help the needy in such communities as they renewed call to their membership in campaigning for justice for the poor. These efforts have been supported by donations from U.S as many unite to help the needy in the community. With no doubt; this has helped to alleviate poverty as they bring constructive changes to the Latin Americans. Typically,

Introduced or invasive species Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduced or invasive species - Lab Report Example With the introduction of globalization, efforts are on the way to introduce various plants and animals to other locations. Some of the species enhance the biodiversity of the new habitat while others require human involvement and care for their proliferation. The introduced species creates disturbance as it is potentially eliminating biomass from a specific community (Hughes, 2010; Invasive Plants-- A Horticultural Perspective). The problem occurs when the invasive species affects the agriculture, forest and also the prey and predators of the ecosystem. Reports state that 2/3rd of 40 North American fresh water extinct fishes in a century, were due to the invasive species. Thus invasive species are creating troubles for the native species in a varied manner- they not only affect the space, but also create competition for the food and therefore affect the food chain and food web, thereby affecting the ecosystem. They may act as predators for the native species, reproduce with the native species and generate hybrids. In such case rare species of the native environment are becoming endangered. Some of the US invasions encompass- Enhanced trade has made an invasion of Asian longhorn beetle from China to US (1996). It came to US in a wood packing material. The beetle is known to nourish on the hardwood trees and also on sugar maple thereby creating serious menace to the US forest (Invasive species.). Threats imposed by invasive species are becoming a serious issue across the world. They are affecting the natural ecosystem to a greater extent. Keeping this in view, President Clinton endorsed an Executive Order 13112 in the year 1999 to preclude the initiation of invasive species to prevent the ecosystem. It is the need of time to detect the introduction of the species as early as possible and measures should be taken to eradicate the species before it proliferates to the alarming levels.

Peace in World Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Peace in World Politics - Essay Example This essay stresses that if all the states in the world were to be democratic and these values and principles shared across the board then instances of armed conflicts would never arise. The universality of such shared principles among nations therefore will prompt peaceful coexistence amongst nations. Theoretically, the plausibility of peaceful relations among countries observing liberal principles is obvious, but the reality on the ground confirms a very different scenario. States are complex and the internal dynamics of countries and their relations to other countries might negate advancement towards peaceful coexistence. In fact, realist point out that such propositions are merely idealistic thinking and that results from the ground paints a very different picture. Currently countries such as the United States, Germany and Brazil are embroiled in disputes over claims that the United States has spied on their highest offices. Since these nations are very democratic and liberal, in stances of armed conflicts can be a far-flung idea. Internationally, fear and distrust is not uncommon and this is the real picture, there is no even a single self-defining state that has the capability of exposing its states secrets to other nations, irrespective of the cordial relationship, which such States enjoy. This paper makes a conclusion that the legality given to liberalist’s view of democracy-by-democracy peace theory liberalism has developed to be a basis of violence and intimidation in the world stage.

The opportunities and the threats of the FJE Limited Essay

The opportunities and the threats of the FJE Limited - Essay Example The objectives of this project are:- †¢ To analyze the strength of the company. †¢ To assess the weakness of the company. †¢ To identify the opportunities and the threats of the company. †¢ To identify the various sources of fund and probable funds of the company. †¢ To assess the cash requirement of the company. †¢ To analyze the various options of investment available to the company in exploration. †¢ To identify the financial viability of each of the exploration option. SWOT analysis is a strategic tool which is used to analyze, understand and decide on the various situations which can arise in the business during its course of operations. The full form of SWOT is strength, weakness, opportunities and threats . The SWOT analyses of the FGE Company have been done to assess the risks and also the competitive advantage of the company and the business in which it is operating. Strength: The main strength of FJE is the sector in which it is operating. Uranium is used to produce electricity from nuclear power. Uranium itself has a very big market globally. In 2008 Australia exported more than AUD 800 million dollars of uranium to the rest of the world. The royalties achieved from Australian uranium mines is about AUD 21 million dollars per year. From Australia only about 10707 tons of uranium has been exported to the rest of the world in 2008.... This signifies that uranium has a major demand in most of the countries of the world. Therefore companies who are operating in this sector will always have a demand in the market as the resources available are less compared to the global demand. Another advantage of the company is that it does not have any debt in its capital structure this means that company is less risky. The company has exploration site in Niger which has 5% of world’s uranium resource. Also it has a site in Australia which has the largest resource of uranium in the world. This gives FJE competitive advantage over other firms. Figure 1: Uranium Requirement of the World (Source: Trade Tech, 2011) Weakness: Exploration companies always have to bear the risk of failing in the discovery of the uranium ore or salable uranium ore. If the exploration companies cherish the high return of the extraction and export of the mineral ore then in case of not discovering the ore many times the exploration companies have to suffer huge loss. The cost of exploration and all the associated expenses are very high. The FJE limited is a very small company which has a very small capital of AUD 4 million dollars. If the company fails to discover uranium in the proposed sites then it will be very difficult for the company to maintain its operations. More over there are many trade restrictions on uranium like non proliferation treaty etc made the market for the uranium quite narrow. Another weakness is the intense competition in this sector. The uranium exploration market is already crowded by many big companies like Western Mining Corporation, BP Minerals, and BHP Billiton etc. Opportunities: The biggest of the FJE limited is the rising market of nuclear energy. Rise in the use of the nuclear

Introduced or invasive species Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduced or invasive species - Lab Report Example With the introduction of globalization, efforts are on the way to introduce various plants and animals to other locations. Some of the species enhance the biodiversity of the new habitat while others require human involvement and care for their proliferation. The introduced species creates disturbance as it is potentially eliminating biomass from a specific community (Hughes, 2010; Invasive Plants-- A Horticultural Perspective). The problem occurs when the invasive species affects the agriculture, forest and also the prey and predators of the ecosystem. Reports state that 2/3rd of 40 North American fresh water extinct fishes in a century, were due to the invasive species. Thus invasive species are creating troubles for the native species in a varied manner- they not only affect the space, but also create competition for the food and therefore affect the food chain and food web, thereby affecting the ecosystem. They may act as predators for the native species, reproduce with the native species and generate hybrids. In such case rare species of the native environment are becoming endangered. Some of the US invasions encompass- Enhanced trade has made an invasion of Asian longhorn beetle from China to US (1996). It came to US in a wood packing material. The beetle is known to nourish on the hardwood trees and also on sugar maple thereby creating serious menace to the US forest (Invasive species.). Threats imposed by invasive species are becoming a serious issue across the world. They are affecting the natural ecosystem to a greater extent. Keeping this in view, President Clinton endorsed an Executive Order 13112 in the year 1999 to preclude the initiation of invasive species to prevent the ecosystem. It is the need of time to detect the introduction of the species as early as possible and measures should be taken to eradicate the species before it proliferates to the alarming levels.

The opportunities and the threats of the FJE Limited Essay

The opportunities and the threats of the FJE Limited - Essay Example The objectives of this project are:- †¢ To analyze the strength of the company. †¢ To assess the weakness of the company. †¢ To identify the opportunities and the threats of the company. †¢ To identify the various sources of fund and probable funds of the company. †¢ To assess the cash requirement of the company. †¢ To analyze the various options of investment available to the company in exploration. †¢ To identify the financial viability of each of the exploration option. SWOT analysis is a strategic tool which is used to analyze, understand and decide on the various situations which can arise in the business during its course of operations. The full form of SWOT is strength, weakness, opportunities and threats . The SWOT analyses of the FGE Company have been done to assess the risks and also the competitive advantage of the company and the business in which it is operating. Strength: The main strength of FJE is the sector in which it is operating. Uranium is used to produce electricity from nuclear power. Uranium itself has a very big market globally. In 2008 Australia exported more than AUD 800 million dollars of uranium to the rest of the world. The royalties achieved from Australian uranium mines is about AUD 21 million dollars per year. From Australia only about 10707 tons of uranium has been exported to the rest of the world in 2008.... This signifies that uranium has a major demand in most of the countries of the world. Therefore companies who are operating in this sector will always have a demand in the market as the resources available are less compared to the global demand. Another advantage of the company is that it does not have any debt in its capital structure this means that company is less risky. The company has exploration site in Niger which has 5% of world’s uranium resource. Also it has a site in Australia which has the largest resource of uranium in the world. This gives FJE competitive advantage over other firms. Figure 1: Uranium Requirement of the World (Source: Trade Tech, 2011) Weakness: Exploration companies always have to bear the risk of failing in the discovery of the uranium ore or salable uranium ore. If the exploration companies cherish the high return of the extraction and export of the mineral ore then in case of not discovering the ore many times the exploration companies have to suffer huge loss. The cost of exploration and all the associated expenses are very high. The FJE limited is a very small company which has a very small capital of AUD 4 million dollars. If the company fails to discover uranium in the proposed sites then it will be very difficult for the company to maintain its operations. More over there are many trade restrictions on uranium like non proliferation treaty etc made the market for the uranium quite narrow. Another weakness is the intense competition in this sector. The uranium exploration market is already crowded by many big companies like Western Mining Corporation, BP Minerals, and BHP Billiton etc. Opportunities: The biggest of the FJE limited is the rising market of nuclear energy. Rise in the use of the nuclear

Diffusion and Osmosis Through Dialysis tubing Essay Example for Free

Diffusion and Osmosis Through Dialysis tubing Essay We did this experiment to test the diffusion of different substances through dialysis tubing. We used what we knew about diffusion to make predictions on what we thought the mass of the dialysis tubing to be after submerging them for 30 mins and we knew that diffuse occurs from highest concentration to lowest concentration. Since the dialysis tubings are filled with different substances than what they are being put into then they should all gain or lose mass. If the dialysis tubing is submerged in different substance than what is in the tubing then some of the dialysis tubings will lose mass and some will gain mass. To begin this experiment we filled 5 dialysis tubings with one of the five substances: water, egg white, NaCl, glucose, or sucrose. The equipment used was: 5 dialysis tubing, a scale, bekers, water, egg white, sucrose, glucose, NaCl, and 5 cups. We put the five dialysis tubing filled with one of the five substance into a cup filled with one of the substance: water, egg white, NaCl, glucose, or sucrose. Then we let them sit in there for 30 mins then took them out of the cups and remassed them. The dialysis tubing did let some of the different solutions in but not all of them. Most of the dialysis tubing gained mass and some lost some mass as well. We found that the substances go from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The data supports our purpose of doing this experiment to find out what happens when a substance in a dialysis tubing is put into a cup of a difference substance to see which ones gain mass and which ones lose mass. A pattern of the data is that the control group did not gain or lose mass. Two of the substances gained mass and two of the substance lost mass. Our results proved our hypothesis that some of the dialysis tubings would gain mass and some of the dialysis tubing would lose mass. Because two of the dialysis tubings gained mass and two of the dialysis tubings lose mass it just shows that the substances went for an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. A few errors of our experiment is that we could have not used enough of the substances in the dialysis tubings or we could have left the dialysis tubings the cups of substance for a long amount of time which could have changed our results majorly because the more time the dialysis tubings sit in the cup of substances the more they had time to diffuse. Osmosis through Dialysis Tubes We performed this experiment to see how water moves across a semi-permeable membrane. We filled the dialysis tubes with different Mole concentrations of sucrose, and we used our knowledge of osmosis to figure out the different concentrations. If the dialysis tube increases both in size and weight, then that dialysis tube had the highest mole concentration of sucrose. We learned that during osmosis, a form of passive diffusion which means that it requires no energy to move across the membrane, water will always move to the area where the water concentration is lower, so if the sucrose has a high mole concentration then the water will move into the bag since there is less water there, and if the bag has a low mole concentration then there will be little water moving into the bag since there is already a relatively high concentration in the bag. The materials we used to conduct this experiment were: 6 Dialysis Tubes, 6 different mole concentrations of sucrose (0 M concentration, 2 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹M concentration, 4 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration, 6 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration, 8 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration, 1 M concentration), 6 cups to hold the water, a scale to weigh the mass of the dialysis tubes before submerging the bags in water and after. To begin this experiment we first filled the bags with the different mole concentrations of sucrose, the different concentrations were color-coordinated with different colors for a different concentration. Next we weighed the mass of the bags before submerging them in the water, and filled the cups with water so that we could submerge the tubes. After the bags were massed and the cups were filled with water we submerged the bags for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes were up we took the bags out of the water and blotted them off with a dry paper towel. Finally we massed the bags and recorded our results so that we could compare them with the results from before we submerged the tubes. After analyzing our results we concluded that the Blue substance was water, because it gained no mass, The purple substance was the 2 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained little mass, more than the blue substance. The light green substance the 4 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained some mass, more than the 2 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ .concentration but not as much as the 6 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration. The red substance was the 6 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained more mass than the 4 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration but less than the 8 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration. The green substance was the 8 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained more mass than the .6 Molar concentration but less than the 1 M concentration, and finally the Yellow substance was the 1 M concentration, because it gained the most mass. Our results answered our question, How can you tell the molar concentration of a 0 .2, .4, .6, .8 , and 1 molar concentration of sucrose? Our results showed us that our hypothesis, If the dialysis tube increases both in size and weight, then that dialysis tube had the highest mole concentration of sucrose, was also correct because the Yellow substance gained the most mass out of all the other substances and was also the substance with the highest Molar concentration of 1, and the Blue concentration gained no mass therefore it was water, because if there is as much water on the inside as the outside then no osmosis takes place. Some sources of error for this experiment is that we could have left the solutions in longer, possibly changing our results. Or that we could have also not used enough of the solutions. Diffusion using Potato rounds We are conducting this experiment in order to see what happens during the process known as diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane. Our hypothesis was that if the Molar concentration is higher in a sucrose solution then the potato will lose mass and if the Molar concentration is lower in a sucrose solution then the potato will gain mass. We learned about diffusion and how a semi-permeable membrane only lets certain molecules pass through it. Diffusion is the act of a molecule passively passing through a semi-permeable membrane. This action of diffusion helps regulate the cell’s processes and this is done on a regular basis so that the cell can live and function. For this experiment we needed: 36 potato sticks (18 of a sweet potato and 18 of a regular potato), 6 sucrose solutions (0M, .2M, .4M, .6M, .8M, and 1M), a scale, cups. First what we did was we massed our potato sticks, and recorded them. Next we filled the cups with the different solutions of sucrose and submerged the potato sticks for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes we massed the potato sticks and recorded the changes and analyzed the previous data with the data we received, here are our results: After analyzing our results, we concluded that the potato sticks in the Blue concentration gained the most mass out of all the solutions, and the yellow concentration grained not mass, but instead lost mass. This is because water will move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. We also calculated the water potential of the potato sticks and found it to be -7.86 for a regular potato and -17.01 for the sweet potato. All of the experiments that we did, the substances had a semi-permeable membrane that only let certain things through it. All of the experiments consisted of putting different substances into cups filled with different solution and seeing if they lost or gained mass dependent on if the amount of water that was in the substances and the solutions. There was a pattern throughout all of the experiments where one of the substances in the cups of solution gained nor lost mass but stayed the same and two of the substances in the cups of solution gained mass and two of the substances in the cups of solution lost mass.

Claude Shannon Genius Comparable To Einstein Philosophy Essay

Claude Shannon Genius Comparable To Einstein Philosophy Essay The world is filled with all types of technologies and information. There are computers that make normally tedious tasks simplier, phones that allows instant communication across the world, CDs that can store large amounts of information in a small area. In modern times, we take for granted how much easier our daily life is with these innovations. It truly is a large step from the candles centuries ago to flicking a switch to brighten up a room. Of course, this step couldnt have been taken without the work and studies by Claude Shannon. When described, Claude Shannon is said to have an ever lasting curiosity and a thirst for knowledge. Shannon is even compared to Albert Einstein for his ability to come up with strange yet groundbreaking ideas. He came up with the idea of digital circuitry, found a way to represent human genetics with algebra, an important theory about information, and has done a lot of work in cryptology. Even then, that is just scratching the surface of what he has accomplished. Just one of these accomplishments could have forever written him into the textbooks. It is important to note that Shannon, while intelligent, was in no means the most knowledgeable person there is. Like Einstein, Shannons genius came from his drive to satisfy his curiosity and ability to think outside the box. Claude Shannons pursuit of knowledge led to large technological advancements that shaped America and the rest of the world. Throughout his entire life, Claude Shannon has achieved many accomplishments that effectively makes him forever remembered throughout America and, to a lesser degree, the world. Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan on April 30, 1916. While growing up, he was talented in the fields of science and mathematics and looked up to a famous distant relative, Thomas Edison. While his father made mathematics a hobby, it was his grandfather that helped influence Shannons love for science. Shannon built many small devices such as a telegraph or a remote controlled model boat in his free time as a child. This child like urge to invent and discover lasted throughout nearly his entire life. During 1932, Shannon graduated high school and then enrolled at the University of Michigan a short time later. Four years later in 1936, Shannon graduated with a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering as well as a B.S. degree in Mathematics. After his graduation from the University of Michigan, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a research assistant to both further his studies towards a higher degree and work part time. It was during this time that he wrote his master thesis on digital circuitry as well as his doctorate thesis for representing genetics with algebra. In 1940 his earned his masters degree in electrical engineering and doctorate in mathematics. After his graduation, Shannon went on to work at Bell Telephone Laboratories. For over a year, he did numerous amounts of works such as creating a new design for switching circuits. In 1941, a committee was formed to design anti-aircraft detectors in order to improve the war effort. Shannon was invited to join, and helped finish the completed design. It was due to this that the bombing effort against England ended with less casualties than there could have been. For the next 15 years, Shannon spent his time amongst many successful and important mathematicians and engineers. This time period is also when Shannon developed his Information Theory, which was published in 1948. Claude Shannons contributions to America received a lot of recognition. For his theory on digital circuits, he received the Alfred Noble Prize reward in 1939. President Lyndon B. Johnson presented Shannon with the National Medal of Science in 1966, and in the same year he was given the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honor. In 1985, Shannon also received the Kyoto Prize which is commonly compared to the Nobel Prize in America. Among many other rewards, Shannon also has nearly a dozen honorary doctorates in various universities and was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Even after he became an adult, Shannon maintained his childish personality, his passion for inventing, and drive to broaden his knowledge. In his life, he made numerous different small toys, many of which he felt were just as important, if not more so, than his theories that changed the world. John Horgan told his experience with interviewing Shannon, Im trying to get him to recall how he came up with the theory of information. But Shannonis tired of expounding on his past. Wouldnt I rather see his toys? (**) Shannon most likely felt that each of his toys were just as important as anything else he thought of. He just wasnt content with coming up with revolutionizing ideas, no, he went above and beyond to discover everything he could. This is why Shannon was immortalized as one of the greatest thinkers. It wasnt a matter of finding fame and fortune, he was just as content to create robots that can juggle as he was for creating his famous information theory. It is the fate of every living creature to eventually die, and although Shannons ideals will be forever immortalized, he too could not resist this fate. He died on February 24, 2001, after losing a battle against Alzheimers disease. Shannon is survived by his wife Mary Elizabeth Shannon, along with three children. In the 18th century, a genius mathematician named George Boole created a method to solve or model logical statements using algebraic expressions. Boole named his concept Booles system, and is more commonly known as boolean logic. This logic revolves around ones and zeroes along with logic gates that take input(s) and then give out an output. Another way to think of these ones and zeroes is true and false, or on and off. At the time of creation, George Boole received little to no praise for developing this system after all, there didnt seem to be any real use with it. While George Boole died without his system going anywhere, Claude Shannon found out the huge amount of potential George Booles idea had when applied to circuits. While at MIT, Claude Shannon worked with an associate named Vannevar Bush on studying an analog computer called a differential analyzer. This computer used wheel and disk mechanisms in order to solve equations typically encountered in calculus. Shannon noticed that the circuits used in the computer had only two states of being, namely on and off. Reminded of Booles system from his math courses, Shannon thought about the possibility of applying that logic to circuits and realized it could open up a wide range of new possibilities and usages. Shannon used this discovery for his master thesis at MIT, called A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits. H. H. Goldstine, in his book The Computer from Pascal to Von Neumann, called Shannons these one of the most worlds important masters thesis ever written (6). Digital circuitry is based heavily on Booles system. Yet, instead of theoretical ones and zeroes, it uses two states of being on and off. Think of a button that was pressed, will send electricity to a light, thus lighting it up. Now, this doesnt have much variety. Press the button and the light goes on, release it and the light goes off. If a logic gate from boolean logic is borrowed, say the AND gate, then there is a large amount of possibilties that open up. An AND gate would only give out electricity to the light if and only if it has two sources of electricity flowing into it. If there are two buttons that each lead to the AND gate, than the light would only go on when both buttons are pushed or rather when both buttons give electricity to the AND gate. While this is a simple example of how digital circuitry works, there are plenty of other more useful examples including lightning quick mathematical calculations or permanent data storage that can be read and editted. Of course, those are rather complex designs to complete. No matter where one looks, digital circuitry is prevalent. It forms of the core of every digital device ranging from something as simple as a bedside lamp to the digital computers used to browse the internet. Without the idea of digital circuitry, the world would be a vastly different place than what it currently is. Electrical engineers immediately adapted his ideas on digital circuitry for their use in World War II. The creation of pocket calculators were made, removing the necassity for slide rules in many jobs. The home computer started to come into existance a couple decades afterwards. Just about everything that was invented decades afterwards and used electricity relied on Shannons thesis. Even technology that was invented before Shannons thesis was published could be refurbished into a device far more efficient, accurate, and of a higher quality overall. Communication across distances didnt always start out with crystal clear messages, nor was communication properly understood. Before the mid 20th century, the idea of telegraphs, telephones, television, and similar devices were rigid and unadaptable. It was thought that telephones could only send signals that represent voices, and only that. As such, a situation such as sending a video over a phone line would be dismissed as fantasy back then, even though its done currently. This all changed with the publishing of Shannons information theory in his paper, Mathematical Theory of Communication. Claude Shannon didnt just pop out a theory after thinking for a little while. Although he can claim to have developed the information theory fully, he did have help from research a few decades previously. Harry Nyquists paper in 1924, Certain Factors Affecting Telegraph Speed, has multiple important ideas inscribed in it. For instance, he started to stray from the idea of focusing on the content of the signals, and instead focused on the fact that the signals are information. Nyquist also developed a formula to determine that max amount of intelligence that can be described in a message. Of course, it still had its flaws for it only worked on a telegraph wires. Four laters later, in 1928, another engineer named R.V.L. Hartley wrote a paper that improved on Nyquists rule to work on more systems of transmission. This paper emphasised that transmitting information should only depend on making sure the transmission from start to end is distinguished, without outside signals intruding nor one worry about the meaning of the information. Shannon cited the works of both Nyquist and Hartley in his paper, and when interviewed decades later, he mentioned the importance of their ideas to his own (**). Now what is this all important information theory that keeps being mentioned? In its most basic form, it contains two parts. First, it gives the general idea of on the definition and measurement of information. Information is based on the logarithm of possible symbols availaible. Shannon used the logarithm base of 2, which mean that the smallest unit of information is represented by either a zero or a one, which was called a bit. Sound familiar? The second part of the information theory contains details on the limits of information being sent, as well as the effect of outside interference, also called noise, on the information. In the past, engineers were limited by how much information could be sent, often thinking it depended on factors like frequency. Shannon use his theory to prove that by using the concept of entropy, or randomness, along with statistical probability to get the maximum amount of information possible. Shannon was also proved how to transmit information error free , despite however much noise there may be. The information theory itself can be complex to understand, yet it is simple to understand its many benefits. These benefits that exist solely due to the existance of the information theory are diverse. Not only is the information theory used in communication and computing, but also in psychology, linguistics, and even thermal physics. Many plagiarism detection programs use the information theory in order to measure shared information. There is the coding theory, which is in its simplest terms error detection and correction. Computer programmers, for example, are assisted in debugging glitches in software using the coding theory. More important however, is that its the reason why CDs can still function properly even when scratched. The information theory led to data compression techniques, which in turn led to new useful file types such as ZIP and MP3. The theory was also crucial for the function of the internet. Even the success of space exploration programs depended on the informat ion theory to reduce the problems of noise and static caused from the enourmous distance between planets. The accomplishments made by Claude Shannon had a large impact on how the United States developed as well as how the world lives today. Just about anything in the world that uses information exists due to Claude Shannons work. Electronics, ranging from simple lamps to supercomputers, are all based upon digital circuitry. While it is arguable that someone would have came up with a similar idea of digital circuitry in the next decade, the United States benefited most from its immediate discovery. Shannon has also worked on cryptology during World War II, managing to help decode enemy transmissions and played a large role in the encryption of US messages. Even presently Claude Shannons influence is felt, new inventions are being created that depend on his ideas. It is much like a tree, where Shannon is the trunk with new innovations being the branches that continue to grow outward. Much of Shannons success is due to his insatiable hunger for knowledge. Most of the worlds population would be content to have done even a tenth of what Shannon has done, yet Shannon himself never was. This is likely because of Shannons child like personality. In his spare time, he developed numerous small trinkets. Not because his goal was fame and fortune, but simply because he wanted to. Why talk about his ground breaking information theory, when his juggling robots are just as important to him? Shannon just didnt want to stop thinking, even at an old age, because inventing and theorizing was fun for him. In an interview he stated, I am more interested in the elegance of a problem. Is it a good problem, an interesting problem? [66] Near the end of his life, he worked on artificial intelligences. Computers that could match the best chess players was an intriguing idea, just like his mouse that could adapt to solve any maze, or a rubix cube solver. While others his age were relaxing in retirement, Shannon enjoyed thinking of new ideas, theories, and discoveries. Talent or genius isnt determined by the efforts or intelligence of a person, but rather their ability to pursue their options whole heartedly.

Abelard and Heloise of Historia Calamitatum :: Historia Calamitatum Essays

The twelfth century was divided into two phases: Early Middle Ages or Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages. It's during the High Middle Ages when things started to take a turn both mentally and physically. Churches developed more stamina and papal bureaucracy was created. The government was revived. Urbanization increased and most of all a sudden increase was brought in cultural revitalization and courtly love was an important aspect of this awakening. Courtly love is defined as humility, courtesy, adultery and religion of love. This is what I believe Abelards's and Heloise's relationship was based on in Abelard's Historia Calamitatum and his letters to Heloise. Abelard was a well-known figure of the twelfth century that taught dialectic philosophy. Abelard was in his late thirties when he first met Heloise in Paris. And it was her knowledge and gift for writing letters, which was so rare in women at the times that attracted Abelard to her. Heloise was the niece of one of the Cannons. She was about seventeen when she met Abelard; this was not considered a big deal for back then it was pretty common to have big age difference in marriages. Heloise was considered atypical because women were rarely educated at all back then. She was strong willed and she had a pretty good sense of logic and this is what brought them together. Heloise struck a deal with Heloise's uncle to educate her and gained full access to her pleasures. Their relationship encompassed the maximum in personal freedom. "Her studies allowed us to withdraw in private, as love desired and then with our books open before us, more words of our love than of our reading passed between us, and more kissing than teaching. (Radice 67). Later Heloise became pregnant and Abelard could not successfully sidestep the rules of the society because the society of a time just wouldn't accept a premarital sexual affair. I believe Abelard and Heloise got engaged in the first "modern" love affair. Because they enjoyed each other both sexually and intellectually, just as how it's perceived in today's world. Though Heloise's attitude towards marriage and love was quite different from the other women of the twelfth century. She resisted the idea of marriage because she thought it was more of an economical and political idea than real love and that she would rather be called a whore or a mistress instead of a wife.

Essay example --

Napoleon Bonaparte was a bewildering man of many achievements. He attended military school at the age of nine, and joined the French military when he was sixteen. His mother was named Letizia, and his father was named Carlos. He had seven siblings, named Joseph, Lucien, Elise, Louis, Pauline, Caroline, and Jerome. He also supported the revolution, which led to him attending several places during the initial part of the revolutionary wars. He became renowned after shielding the Nation Convention in 1795. One of his more significant feats was that he led effective campaigns against Austria, Sardinia, and Italy. As soon as other people became aware of his accomplishments, he very quickly became known as â€Å"the General.† His earlier military occupation included the Italian Campaigns: from 1796-1797, he dominated most of northern Italy for France, and had established a liking for leading. Another triumph from his early military career was the Egyptian Campaign. In 1798, he was defeated by a British navy, which was under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson, who devastated the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. Discarding his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a champion’s welcome. In 1796, Napoleon got married to Josephine. But by 1799, the dishonesty of the Directory along with the dwindling war effort against the Second Coalition left the government open for assaults. Napoleon was put in control of the military on November 9, 1799. The next day, he and his military took control by overtaking the government, which then decided to end the Directory. The Directory was swapped with three consuls, and Napoleon was elected First Consul. With the government in disorder, Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ et... ... European leaders at the Congress of Vienna tried to reestablish order and reestablish peace. The champions (mainly the alliance of Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain) restored the French boundaries of 1792 and the Bourbon dynasty. They made other modifications in the boundaries of Europe, founding Prussia as a "sentinel" against France, and produced a new kingdom out of Belgium and Holland. It was understood that the notion of the stability of power would preserve peace in Europe. But the demands of the conquerors, especially the Prussians and the Russians, for reimbursement threatened the balance. The Russian demands for Poland and the Prussian wish for Saxony led to conflict among the powers. Castlereagh, Metternich, and Talleyrand forced Russia and Prussia into a compromise whereby Russia got part of Poland and Prussia received two-fifths of Saxony.

The School to Works Program in America

In writing her article â€Å"An Avenue to High Academic Standards,† Lynn Olson confronts the tempestuous side of the education system: a recently added component of the curriculum. Olson claims that this new argument would further enhance the quality and practicality of the educational system. The school to works program was introduced in state and federal law in 1994 but its validity and utility is still being disputed over by various concerned parties. Being the senior editor of the national newspaper â€Å"Education Week,† Olson would seem to be well qualified to provide her readers with a persuasive and realistic analysis to an issue that is being widely debated. Olson†s article gives one the impression that this scheme would be a highly beneficial one to our high school students. However, though Olson†s article deals with most of the issues relevant to this scheme, a few areas have not been covered by her. On the whole, it would seem that this scheme should be brought into vogue as soon as possible as suggested by her. Olson has written a very sound article in which she persuades her reader through the means of sound logic well substantiated with real life examples to further strengthen her claims. She makes use of a simple and well-organized diction to enable her wide readership to understand the article. Also Olson†s sources seem to be well founded and used in a logical manner. Olson has written a convincing article because she substantiates her claims with real life examples of different school to work programs. She embarks on this path by giving the examples of a young high school student and that student†s positive and enriching experience with the school to work program. In this particular case, Olson writes that the school to work program helps this rudderless student to find her vocation in life and thus make a valuable contribution to society. She further adds that this student†s experience is not an isolated one and that numerous students have benefited from this program Olson also writes â€Å"Studies suggest that school-to-work programs can help address one of the greatest problems in education: motivation†. However, she writes that this program solves this problem and she substantiates this by giving the example of the 1994 evaluation of Pro-Tech, a Boston school- to work program. In this evaluation it was found that students who participated in these programs decided to take more rigorous math and physics courses than their peers. Thus, she proves that this scheme gives the students a clear indication about the direct link that exists between a good quality education and a good job. Therefore, these examples in her article enable her to provide her readers with a logical and realistic argument that seems to make sense. However, by providing real life examples to prove her point, Olson is justified in writing that the school to work program provides a self-explanatory answer to the question â€Å"Why do I have to learn this? † Olson further strengthens her case by elaborating some valid reasons that make this program a beneficial one to the students. Olson writes that the school-to-work program â€Å"engage students in active, hands-on-learning rather than teaching solely from textbooks†. She states that the primary aim of this program is to inculcate theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge, thus enabling the student to practice the theory learned in school in daily life. However, Olson does admit that there is still a slight confusion on whether this scheme actually encourages students to pursue higher degrees after they have graduated from high school. She counterbalances this by stating that it does help students who intend to go to college on deciding which major they would want to pursue in college. Furthermore, she also writes that these schemes provide students with the added incentive of acquiring extra credit hours. Olson also pads her argument by stating that this program provides society with an educated and skilled workforce urgently required by firms. The argument put forth by Phyllis Schlafly, in her article â€Å"School to Work will train, not Educate†, that these programs are the cause of economic requirements of society and are not due to educational upliftment is oversimplistic and lacks in logical coherency. Schlafly may have some substance in her theme that these programs would â€Å"cause a person or animal to be efficient in the performance of tasks by responding to discipline, instruction and repeated practice†. However, her entire article uses negative emotion to pursuade her readers to follow her line of thinking. Furthermore, her argument that this program will deprive a child of a sound education is countermanded by Olson†s claim that this program will motivate students to get a better education. Also George Willett†s statement in his e-mail message that â€Å"greater learning occurred where the practical was aligned with the academic†. However, one of the legitimate shortcomings of Olson†s article is that it does not provide her readers with all the information relevant to this topic. Her article has used only the positive sources that strengthen her case but overlooks all negative aspects that could have been assessed and resolved by her. Thus, as pointed out by Schlafly, one of the realistic drawbacks of the scheme is that it may be made a compulsory program with the students having no choice in the matter. In that case, the system would lose all the advantages of encouraging students to learn and would just evolve into modern child slavery, where the student may be forced to work whether or not he or she may want to. Also, she has not looked into the fact that the students would not be able choose their own programs. It would be allotted to them based on their grades and other factors by an appointed body called â€Å"The Workforce Development Board†, which is a very disturbing thought, placing the very ideals of a democracy at risk. This is one of the realistic fears put forth in Schlafly†s article. Also, as pointed out by Brian Faranell in his e-mail message that â€Å"asking a freshman in high school to declare his major is way to early†. This too is a legitimate fear that Schlafly has not confronted in her article. Therefore, it is recommended that the school to work program be an optional program wherein the only requirement is motivated students. Thus, no student should be forced to enroll in this program, as this would be counterproductive to the child†s welfare and make the very reason for its creation obsolete. Also, there should be sufficient choice in the different types of school to work programs, so as to enable students to choose among the various programs, so that they might be able to choose something that corresponds to their courses and which will help them in the future. Presently, there are certain countries that have already inculcated this scheme to their education system. Thus, it would be judicious to study their system for a period of time before going head long into one of our own. This would help in looking at all the shortcomings in their system and avoid them in our own. However, we must keep in mind that our basic society and education system may be different and that what works in those countries may not necessarily work in ours. It may also be a good idea to schedule a convention of teachers and professors and other educators to use their ideas. It should be always remembered that they are an integral part of the system, and the government should always take their opinion into account before enacting any bill. Thus, if all these shortfalls are removed the school to work program seems to be a viable addition to our educative system. Olson has covered none of these areas, in her article, which leads one to believe that she may not have researched the topic well enough or else she may not want to provide any negative aspects to her argument. Though her not confronting these issues may show that these are really serious problems that have no real short term solutions. Hence, her argument might have actually been strengthened if she had confronted these areas and tried to provide some sort of solution to them. However, on the whole her article seems to be well written. She has based her ideas on sound logic, which enables her to provide a coherent and well-organized thesis. She has well developed and organized her use of sources and has analyzed them well. Therefore, it would seem that her article would merit a good reception from the public. Therefore, it would seem that Olson succeeds in her purpose of providing a strong argument for the implementation of this program. However, as said earlier it would have been stronger if it had been comprehensive: tackling the harder issues as well.